Suchergebnisse

The aim of this study is to review the global trends in bioenergy, and then in the light of these developments to assess the potential, development trends and drivers of the biofuel market growth in Russia, highlight key players and assess the concentration in this market. The authors focus on the most developed sector of bioenergy – solid biofuel (fuel pellets). On the basis of the Concentration ratio, the Herfindahl-Hirschman and Hall-Tideman indices the authors estimate the concentration in this market. The results lead to the conclusion that the market is moderately concentrated, but has a tendency to concentration downturn. The Lorenz curve serves as a visual representation of the erratical distribution of market share between producers. The study draws on the data of the International Energy Agency, the European Biogas Association, the Russian Federal State Statistics Service, the Customs Service of Russia, FAOSTAT, recent data provided by the media.

The rapid growth of cities all over the world has inevitably led to the aggravation of economic, social and environmental problems. In this regard, developing «green», low-carbon, circular and other new economic models is necessary. Transport sector is an important source of greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutants. The purpose of this work is to assess the impact of urban public transport, especially electric buses, on the air quality. The authors have analyzed international and Russia's experience of the low-carbon development of urban public transport and evaluated the environmental effects of transitioning to electric buses in Moscow using a regression model and data visualization tools. The results have shown that integrating electric buses into an urban transport system can be considered as a step towards the low-carbon development of the transport sector. The authors have identified a decrease in carbon monoxide (CO) pollution in the districts of Moscow where there are electric bus routes. Although the authors managed to demonstrate positive aspects of using e-buses instead of traditional ones, the proposed hypotheses were not fully confirmed due to limited data and a small number of electric bus routes at an early stage of the project. The results of the work can be used both in theoretical studies of sustainable development and practical implementation of programs for the low-carbon development of an urban transport network

The article is dedicated to the analysis of the development of alternative energy in Russia as one of the key factors of forming a low-carbon economy model. Authors reviewed the main stages of forming the institutional environment which regulated the process of the transition to a low-carbon economy model and a wider use of alternative energy including renewable energy sources (RES).Authors analyzed the renewable energy industry in Russia. The empirical base of the study consists of auctions results conducted in the framework of the government support of RES during 2013-2018 and the information system "SPARK". Using the Concentration ratio, the Herfindahl-Hirschman and the Hall-Tideman indices authors revealed a high level of concentration in this industry in the context of each type of RES. In addition, an analysis of the ownership structure of companies has shown that the most successful companies are companies in the form of partnerships between the state, a Russian company and / or a foreign company.

The paper shows the need for the development and widespread use of sustainable development indicators for the regions. Drawing on global and Russia's experience, the authors suggest perspective indicators of sustainability for Russian regions and analyze possible approaches to the elaboration of indicators for the regions on the basis of the adaptation of the World Bank adjusted net savings index and the UN Millennium Development Goals. Adequate accounting of indicators, which are currently undervalued or not considered, can lead to the revision of the mediumand long-term goals for regional development.

Global climate change and the transition of countries to a low-carbon model of the economy pose challenges for companies to quantify factors associated with climate risks. Incorrect risk assessment and companies' unwillingness to function in the new conditions can lead to large financial losses. Carbon pricing drives down the value of shares of carbon-intensive companies, forcing them to lower production volumes, which challenges investors who are increasingly concerned about climate change risks to assess climate risks in order to manage them in their portfolios. The aim of this article is to assess the impact of carbon risk on the Russian financial market, as well as to determine the presence of a premium for this risk, which is a compensation that investors can already currently demand for their exposure to carbon risk, using regression models and portfolio analysis methods. The assessments of the sensitivity of sectors of the Russian economy to carbon risk obtained by the authors indicate that all sectors are more or less exposed to the risk associated with the transition to a low-carbon economy. The largest contribution to the sensitivity of the Russian economy to this risk is made by enterprises in the oil and gas and energy industries. Companies in the consumer goods, healthcare and real estate sectors are the least risk sensitive. The authors did not find a statistically significant premium for the carbon risk for the Russian financial market, which is consistent with the data of other researchers about the absence of a similar premium in other regions of the world (USA, Europe and Asia). When interpreting the results, it should be taken into account that, due to the lack of data on the activities of Russian companies, the models were evaluated using factors that reflect trends in the global economy. Despite the fact that the estimates obtained so far do not take into account the regional characteristics of Russia, the approach used by the authors may be of interest to investors and researchers involved in the analysis of the situation in markets that also lack non-financial data on companies. The results obtained indicate that the transition to a low-carbon economy can have a significant impact on the activities of various industries, which confirms the importance of research in this direction. Already, international companies are actively setting themselves the goal of achieving full carbon neutrality by using renewable energy sources in the production of their products.